API 2001 2019 pdf free download

API 2001 2019 pdf free download.Fire Protection in Refneries.
5.5 Location 5.5.1 General The location of a refnery ideally will provide usable area ample for safe spacing of all facilities, with an allowance for buffer zones and future expansion. Consideration should be given to the nature of adjacent property and its relative location to the refnery, since refneries may expose these properties to a variety of potential hazards. Conversely, since adjacent properties can also expose the refnery to different types of hazards, those potential hazards should be taken into consideration in locating the refnery or evaluating hazards. For example, the location of neighboring airports and the prescribed landing patterns of aircraft could present collision hazards. Location should be considered in conjunction with proposed layout of facilities (5.6). 5.5.2 Climate and Geography Natural perils such as windstorms, foods, and earthquakes can create fre hazards. The frequency and severity of these events should be taken into consideration when designing refnery systems. For example, certain areas subject to potential earthquakes require special bracing of equipment. Areas subject to extreme cold and heavy snow may require special designs to prevent equipment failure due to freezing or excessive snow or ice loading, along with the resultant fre hazards associated with those conditions. See 8.4 and Annex B. Prevailing wind direction is generally unreliable. However, design of facilities with the potential for release of fammable or toxic materials should include awareness of prevailing wind conditions in siting and emergency response planning. This may reduce the probability of ignition or exposure by taking note of the seasonal variance of prevailing wind direction. Wind socks can help evaluate conditions if there should be a release; these need to be maintained to be functional and may not help if frozen or unlit at night.
5.5.3 Availability of Water Availability of suffcient fre water and process water from internal, industrial, municipal or natural resources is an important requirement when considering the refnery operation and emergency response. Further details on water supply are discussed in 6.2 and 5.1 0.4. 5.5.4 Supplementary Local Fire Protection The availability and resources available from local public or private fre departments should be investigated. Well- equipped public fre departments can be of valuable assistance. However, these departments generally do not train in fghting large petroleum fres so sharing of training facilities and experience can be mutually benefcial. Mutual-aid organizations, including other refneries or allied plants located in the same area, should be investigated. Members of such mutual-aid organizations frequently have specialized equipment designed for industrial use and have proven benefcial at locations where they have been put into effective operation. The availability of these organizations can infuence the amount of private fre protection equipment and staffng required. In at least one area a nonproft industrial frefghting group is jointly owned through industry membership. 5.6 Layout and Spacing 5.6.1 General The layout of process units, utilities and equipment will vary widely, depending on topography, types of units and equipment to be installed and, to some extent, site operating conditions. However, in developing the overall layout of a refnery from a fre protection standpoint, it is important to consider the potential of fre escalation.
5.5.3 Availability of Water Availability of suffcient fre water and process water from internal, industrial, municipal or natural resources is an important requirement when considering the refnery operation and emergency response. Further details on water supply are discussed in 6.2 and 5.1 0.4. 5.5.4 Supplementary Local Fire Protection The availability and resources available from local public or private fre departments should be investigated. Well- equipped public fre departments can be of valuable assistance. However, these departments generally do not train in fghting large petroleum fres so sharing of training facilities and experience can be mutually benefcial. Mutual-aid organizations, including other refneries or allied plants located in the same area, should be investigated. Members of such mutual-aid organizations frequently have specialized equipment designed for industrial use and have proven benefcial at locations where they have been put into effective operation. The availability of these organizations can infuence the amount of private fre protection equipment and staffng required. In at least one area a nonproft industrial frefghting group is jointly owned through industry membership. 5.6 Layout and Spacing 5.6.1 General The layout of process units, utilities and equipment will vary widely, depending on topography, types of units and equipment to be installed and, to some extent, site operating conditions. However, in developing the overall layout of a refnery from a fre protection standpoint, it is important to consider the potential of fre escalation.