API 554 2021 pdf free download

API 554 2021 pdf free download.Process Control Systems— Project Execution and Process Control System Ownership.
1 Scope 1.1 General This recommended practice (RP) addresses the processes required to successfully implement PCSs for oil and gas production, refnery, and petrochemical services. The major topics addressed are listed below. — Part 1. The basic functions that a PCS may need to perform, and recommended methodologies for determining the functional and integration requirements for a particular application. — Part 2. The practices to select and design the installation for hardware and software required to meet the functional and integration requirements. — Part 3. The project organization, skills, and management required to frst execute a process control project and then to own and operate a PCS. Figure 1 shows the general overall scope of oil and gas production, refnery process control, and the associated automation functions, as well as the portions of which this recommended practice addresses. The general scope of the material covers general industrial process control topics that are applicable to oil and gas production, refneries, and petrochemical facilities. The user is cautioned to fully consider the requirements of the particular applications and circumstances that may exist and carefully apply the concepts described in this RP as appropriate. This document is not intended to present a tutorial on the subjects discussed, but rather to aid the reader in identifying and understanding the basic concepts of PCSs. The references provided within the document direct the reader to publications that describe one or more subjects in greater detail than is necessary or desirable for the purposes of this document.
3 Terms and Defnitions The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any addenda) applies. 3.1 batch control Control functions that occur in a series of complex steps or phases that may combine continuous control, sequence control, and discrete control to execute a processing scheme. 3.2 commissioning The process of preparing a PCS and all of its components and feld instrumentation for operation after all loop testing and validation testing has been completed. 3.3 continuous control Control functions that are continuously and repetitively executed to control the values of process variables such as pressure, temperature, fow, etc. that are part of a continuous process such as a refning process, or within a portion of a process associated with a batch control system. 3.4 control loop That part of an instrument control system that includes the input sensor, transmitter, communication path, control algorithm, and fnal control element. Control algorithm may be executed as one of many such algorithms in a PCS or be performed by stand-alone electronic, pneumatic, or mechanical devices. 3.5 discrete control Control functions that involve on-of operations and interlocks. Discrete control variables are generally associated with thresholds above or below which a control action is taken. The control action is a discrete function such as opening or closing a valve, starting or stopping a motor, etc. 3.6 encryption The coding and decoding of data transmissions using algorithms and encryption keys that are known only to the sending and receiving devices. A wide variety of encryption techniques and algorithms are available and have varying levels of security associated with them. 3.9 factory acceptance testing FAT The testing performed on a PCS at the manufacturers, system integrators, or other designated facility during which the engineer or owners perform all testing necessary to determine that the system is sufciently complete and operable to allow for shipment to the site. 3.10 feldbus A digital communication network that connects the feld sensors, transmitters, and control actuators together and to either a controller or control network. A feldbus network allows devices to send and receive messages over a shared path. Devices may send current measurements and/or diagnostic messages and receive commands or confguration data. 3.11 feld devices Any sensors, measuring devices, control elements, etc. that are used to sense or directly control process conditions. Current technologies allow increased “intelligence” to be added to the feld devices, e.g. self- diagnostics, control functions, and network interconnectivity. 3.12 frewall A combination of hardware and software installed on computers and network connections to prevent undesired messages from a digital network from reaching or passing through the computers. A frewall may also hide the presence of a computer from other computers on the network. 3.13 front-end engineering design FEED Engineering activities performed during the identifcation of project scope and costs. These activities are generally those necessary to develop designs to the point where scope and cost estimates can be supported. 3.14 human machine interface HMI A computing resource for a PCS that is used as an operator or engineering interface for displaying data or inputting information or operating commands.