API 5L-2004 pdf free download
API 5L-2004 pdf free download.Specification for Line Pipe.
5.1.1 Seamless Process The seamless process is a process of hot working steel to form a tubular product without a welded seam. If necessary, the hot worked tubular product may be subsequently cold Þnished to produce the desired shape, dimensions, and properties. 5.1.2 Welding Processes 5.1.2.1 Without Filler Metal 5.1.2.1.1 Continuous Welding Continuous welding is a process of forming a seam by heating the skelp in a furnace and mechanically pressing the formed edges together wherein successive coils of skelp have been joined together to provide a continuous ßow of steel for the welding mill. (This process is a type of butt-welding.) 5.1.2.1.2 Electric Welding Electric welding is a process of forming a seam by electric- resistance or electric-induction welding wherein the edges to be welded are mechanically pressed together and the heat for welding is generated by the resistance to ßow of the electric current. 5.1.2.1.3 Laser Welding Laser welding is a welding process that uses a laser beam and a keyholing technique to produce melting and coales- cence of the edges to be welded. The edges may be preheated. Shielding is obtained entirely from an externally supplied gas or gas mixture. 5.1.2.2 With Filler Metal 5.1.2.2.1 Submerged-Arc Welding Submerged-arc welding is a welding process that produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc or arcs between a bare metal consumable electrode or electrodes and the work. The arc and molten metal are shielded by a blanket of granular, fusible material on the work. Pressure is not used, and part or all of the Þller metal is obtained from the elec- trodes.
5.1.3 Types of Pipe 5.1.3.1 Seamless Pipe Seamless pipe is produced by the seamless process deÞned in 5.1.1. 5.1.3.2 Continuous Welded Pipe Continuous welded pipe is deÞned as pipe that has one lon- gitudinal seam produced by the continuous welding process deÞned in 5.1.2.1.1. (This is a type of butt-welded pipe.) 5.1.3.3 Electric Welded Pipe Electric welded pipe is deÞned as pipe that has one longitu- dinal seam produced by the electric welding process deÞned in 5.1.2.1.2. 5.1.3.3.1 PSL 1 Electric Welded Pipe For grades higher than X42, the weld seam and the entire heat affected zone shall be heat treated so as to simulate a normalizing heat treatment (see note), except that by agree- ment between the purchaser and the manufacturer alternative heat treatments or combinations of heat treatment and chemi- cal composition may be substituted. Where such substitutions are made, the manufacturer shall demonstrate the effective- ness of the method selected using a procedure that is mutually agreed upon. This procedure may include, but is not necessar- ily limited to, hardness testing, microstructural evaluation, or mechanical testing. For grades X42 and lower, the weld seam shall be similarly heat treated, or the pipe shall be processed in such a manner that no untempered martensite remains. Note: During the manufacture of electric welded pipe, the product is in motion through the surrounding air. Normalizing is usually deÞned with Òcooling in still air;Ó hence the phrase “to simulate a normalizing heat treatment” is used here.
5.1.3.4 Laser Welded Pipe Laser welded pipe is deÞned as pipe that has one longitudi- nal seam produced by the laser welding process deÞned in 5.1.2.1.3. The weld seam and the entire heat affected zone of laser welded pipe shall be heat treated so as to simulate a normaliz- ing heat treatment, except that by agreement between the pur- chaser and manufacturer, an alternative process may be substituted. Where such substitution is made, the manufac- turer shall demonstrate the effectiveness of the method selected, using a procedure that is mutually agreed upon. This procedure may include, but is not necessarily limited to, hard- ness testing, microstructural evaluation, or mechanical test- ing. Note: During the manufacture of laser welded pipe, the product is in motion through the surrounding air. Normalizing is usually deÞned with Òcooling in still air;Ó hence the phrase Òto simulate a normaliz- ing heat treatmentÓ is used here. 5.1.3.5 Longitudinal Seam Submerged-Arc Welded Pipe Longitudinal seam submerged-arc welded pipe is deÞned as pipe that has one longitudinal seam produced by the auto- matic submerged-arc welding process deÞned in 5.1.2.2.1. At least one pass shall be on the inside and at least one pass shall be on the outside. (This type of pipe is also known as sub- merged-arc welded pipe.)
