API MPMS 11.3.4 2019 pdf free download

API MPMS 11.3.4 2019 pdf free download.Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 11.3.4 Miscellaneous Hydrocarbon Product Properties— Denatured Ethanol and Gasoline Component Blend Densities and Volume Correction Factors.
1 Scope 1.1 General This standard covers density and volume correction factors for blends of denatured ethanol and gasoline blend components ranging from 0 % to 95 % denatured ethanol based upon calculation methods defined in API MPMS Chapter 11.1 and Chapter 11.3.3. Calculation of blends and denatured ethanol containing more than 95 % ethanol should use the calculation procedures within API MPMS Chapter 11 .3.3. The standard consists of correlations and algorithms for estimating the blend volume change at base conditions and for calculating volume correction factors of denatured ethanol and gasoline component blends. This standard also provides the algorithms to estimate certain blend properties in blending situations where some of the required parameters are not measured. 1.2 Range of Applicability This standard is applicable to blends containing denatured ethanol and gasoline blend components with 1 5.5 °C (60 °F) densities ranging from 680 to 800 kg/m 3 (45.2 to 76.4 °API) containing between 0 % and 95 % by volume denatured ethanol over the temperature range of –40 °C to 50 °C (–40 °F to 1 22 °F) and pressure range of 0 to 1 0.34 MPa gage (0 to 1508 psig). 2 Blends of Gasoline and Denatured Ethanol (BGE) Normative References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies (including any addenda/errata). API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 11 .1 , Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils, May 2004, including Addendum 1, September 2007 API MPMS Chapter 11.2.1, Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 0–90 Degrees API Gravity and 638-1 074 Kilograms per Cubic Metre Ranges
3 Terms and Definitions 3.1 blends of gasoline and ethanol (BGE) A blend of gasoline and denatured ethanol blend components ranging from 0 % to 95 % denatured ethanol. 3.2 blend volume percent (BVP) The concentration of ethanol in the mixture based on the ratio of the volume of denatured ethanol to the total observed volume of the mixture adjusted to base conditions times 1 00, expressed as a percentage. NOTE It is bounded by 0 % and 100 %. 3.3 blendstock for oxygenate blending (BOB) A refined product component consisting of unfinished gasoline to which denatured ethanol will be added to make a finished motor fuel. 3.4 excess alpha The incremental increase in the thermal expansion coefficient of the mixed liquid that exceeds the coefficient calculated from a volume proportional addition of the component alphas. 3.5 excess volume fraction The incremental volume growth generated by mixing denatured ethanol and BOB. The excess volume is expressed as a fractional volume divided by the sum of the component volume so it is dimensionless. It is bounded by 0 and 1. 3.6 ideal fraction ethanol Concentration of ethanol in the mixture expressed as the volume of denatured ethanol divided by the volume of a simple addition of the component volumes at base conditions. As a volume divided by volume measure, it is dimensionless. It is bounded by 0 and 1. 3.7 nominal ethanol content The labeled denatured ethanol content of an ethanol-blended fuel. The actual ethanol content may vary from the nominal value due to labeling conventions and blending constraints.
API gathered a series of laboratory density measurements at various temperatures, pressures, and concentrations for four BOB samples, four denatured ethanol samples, and the 1 6 possible combinations thereof. The laboratory results were evaluated to filter out outliers and procedural artifacts, and the remaining dataset of 1662 samples were used in regression studies. The studies determined the functions and parameters that best fit the “excess functions”. Combining the excess functions with the previously documented API MPMS Chapter 11.1 functions extends the range of API MPMS Chapter 11 .1 to blends of gasoline and denatured ethanol blends. 5.1.2 Source of Excess Thermal Expansion and Excess Volume When BOB and denatured ethanol are mixed, the two fluids are infinitely soluble in each other and form a single liquid phase. The fluids are chemically different in that BOB is a hydrocarbon mixture consisting primarily of non-polar and aromatic molecules and ethanol is polar. This difference leads to the fluids’ molecules interacting at a molecular level. A simple construct that explains the observed effects on physical properties, is that the ethanol molecules interfere with the densest alignment of the BOB nonpolar molecules leading to a decrease in expected density or the creation of “excess volume”. The same interaction causes the thermal expansion coefficient ( ) for the mixture to be larger than the coefficient expected for a hydrocarbon fluid of that density or for a volumetric average of the coefficients of the BOB and ethanol components.