API RP 1133-2010 pdf free download

API RP 1133-2010 pdf free download.Managing Hydrotechnical Hazards for Pipelines Located Onshore or Within Coastal Zone Areas.
3 Terms, Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations 3.1 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this publication, the following definitions apply: 3.1.1 abandonment A pipeline permanently removed from service that has been physically separated from its source of gas or hazardous liquid and is no longer maintained. 3.1.2 anchor frazil Ice crystals carried to or formed on the channel bottom, which covers the channel bottom with a thick mass. 3.1.3 armoring A facing layer (protective cover) or rip-rap consisting of very large stones placed to prevent erosion or the sloughing off of soil from an embankment. 3.1.4 avulsion Rapid abandonment of a river channel and the formation of a new river channel. 3.1.5 bed-form migration Features such as ripples and dunes on the channel/coastal zone bed resulting from bed material being moved by flowing water that can gradually move upstream or downstream depending on local hydraulic and sediment characteristics. 3.1.6 bending stress Internal or compressive longitudinal stress developed in response to curvature induced by an external load. 3.1.7 check dams A low, fixed structure, constructed of timber, loose rock, rip rap, masonry, or concrete, to control water flow in an erodible channel. 3.1.8 coastal zone Area of coastal waters and the adjacent shore lands strongly influenced by each other and includes islands, transitional and intertidal areas, salt marshes, wetlands and beaches, and extends offshore to a depth of water of 1 5 ft as measured from the mean low water elevation. 3.1.9 cofferdam A temporary structure built around a site to permit construction in (relatively) dry conditions. 3.1.10 commercially navigable waterway PHMSA Pipeline Safety has elected to use the National Waterways Network database as the basis for identifying commercially navigable waters. This database includes commercially navigable waterways in open water (i.e.offshore or in the Great Lakes) and those that are inland (rivers, canals, harbors, etc.) where a substantial likelihood of commercial navigation exists. 3.1.11 cross vanes Structure typically constructed from timber or loose rock designed to guide flow away from channel banks to reduce bank erosion and promote local sedimentation. 3.1.12 cuttings A mixture of drilling mud and soil that is generated during drilling operations. 3.1.13 degradation The general lowering of the streambed by erosive processes, such as scouring by flowing water. The removal of channel bed materials and downcutting of natural stream channels. 3.1.14 deposition The physical process by which sediments, soil, and rock are added to a landform. 3.1.15 depth of cover (DoC) The distance between the top of the pipeline and the surface of the ground above the pipeline. It will typically vary across the waterway due to variations in the pipeline profile and the channel bottom topography. Minimum DoC represents the least amount of ground cover above the pipeline. 3.1.16 discharge Discharge or stream/river flow, is the volumetric rate of flowing water which is transported through a given cross- sectional area. Discharge is typically described in cubic feet per second (cfs). 3.1.17 engineered span A pipeline designed and engineered to cross a waterway at elevations above the channel bottom. Such spans differ from those that are the result of either channel bed erosion or bank erosion. 3.1.18 erosion The wearing away or removal of soil or other material by the action of water or other agents. 3.1.19 fatigue The phenomenon leading to facture of a material under repeated or fluctuating stresses having a maximum value less than the tensile strength of the material. 3.1.20 fetch The distance over which waves are generated by a wind having constant speed and direction.