API RP 56-2000 pdf free download
API RP 56-2000 pdf free download.Recommended Practices for Testing Sand Used in Hydraulic Fracturing Operations .
3.3 NUMBER OF REQUIRED SAMPLES E A minimum of nine samples per rail car load and three samples per truck load should be obtained, combined, and tested. For material sampled at the fracturing job site, a min- imum of five samples should be obtained per 100,000 pounds of sand or fraction thereof. These on-site samples should be combined and used as a single sample for subse- quent testing operations. 3.4 SAMPLING The sampling device, with its longitudinal axis perpen- dicular to the flowing sand stream, should be passed at a uni- form rate from side to side through the full stream width of moving sand as the sand falls from a conveyor belt into a blender, truck, or rail car. Sand sbould be allowed to flow for at least 2 minutes after initial flow prior to taking the first sample. Several samples should be extracted at approxi- mately uniform intervals through the body of sand to ensure a representative sample for analysis. The number of samples taken should comply with the requirements of 3.3. During sampling, the sampling receptacle should be swung com- pletely across the moving sand stream in a brief interval of time so as to take all of the stream part of the time. Under no circumstances should the sarmpling receptacle be allowed to overflow. 4 Recommended Sand Samples Handling and Storage 4.1 SAMPLE REDUCTION (SACKED MATERIAL) Place the contents of an entire sack of frac sand (approx- imately 100 pounds) in the sample reducer (refer to Figure 2). Obtain a reduced sample of approximately 6 pounds (ap- proximately 1/16 of the original weight of the total sack’s contents).
8 Recommended SiltTest 8.1 METHOD l: TURBIDITY MEASUREMENT OF SILT- AND CL AY-SIZE PARTICULATE MATTER 8.1.1 Introduction Turbidity in water is the result of suspended clay, sit, or finely divided inorganic matter being present Frac sand sam- ples can be placed in distilled water and the turbidity of the resulting liquid measured. Properly washed and processed frac sand will pass the turbidity test described below. 8.1.2 Turbidity Measurement, General Turbidity tests measure an optical property of a suspen- sion that results from the scattering and absorbing of light by the particulate matter present. The amount of turbidity reg- istered is dependent on such variables as size, shape, and re- fractive indices of the particles. No direct relationship exists between the turbidity of a sample and the weight concentra- tion of particulate matter present therein. 8.1.3 Turbidity Calibration Turbidity calibrations were originally based on the Jack- son candle turbidimeter, with results expressed in Jackson Turbidity Units (JTU). Since the Jackson candle turbidime- ter lacks sensitivity in the low turbidity range, below 25 JTU, the meter scale calibrations have been based on a uniform milky polymer, formazin, that allows accurate calibrations over a wide range. The results are expressed as Formazin Turbidity Units (FTU) and are equivalent to JTU. Suitable spectrophotometers for use in this procedure are the Spec- tronic Mini 20, Bausch and Lomb Spectrometer 20, Perkin Elmer Coleman Model 35, Hach Model 2100A, or equiva- lent.
8.2.3.2 With the funnel inserted in the prescription bottle, crefully fill the bottle to the 20-ililiter mark with the sand sample. Gently tap and level the sand and add sand to achieve the 20-milliliter mark, but do not fill above the 20- milliliter level. It is extremely important to use the proper sample size and care should be exercised in this step. Note: 20 mililitis of sand weighs approximatcly 40 grams. 8.2.3.3 Add turbidity-free water (distilled water, if avail- able) to the 100-mililiter mark on the bottle. 8.2.3.4 Cap the bottle and shake vigorously for 10 sec- onds. 8.2.3.5 Hold the bottle at arm’s length toward a moderate light source, for example, an outside window or the borizon on a clear, bright day. Do not face the sun directly. The flat side of the bottle, with the sample identification information thereon, should be faced toward the light source.
