API STD 2015-2001 pdf free download

API STD 2015-2001 pdf free download.Requirements for Safe Entry and Cleaning of Petroleum Storage Tanks.
3 Definitions 3.1 GENERAL The following definitions are applicable to tank cleaning operations as described in this standard. 3.2 DEFINITIONS 3.2.1 air supplied respiratory protection: A respira- tor that provides a supply of safe breathing air from a tank (either a self contained breathing apparatus portable tank or an air line supply tank) or from a source of fresh air (approved breathing air compressor) not subject to potential contamination. 3.2.2 attendant: A qualified employee stationed outside one or more permit required confined spaces who monitors the entrants and who performs all attendant’s duties in accor- dance with the employer’s (owner/operator and contractor) permit required confined space program. Attendants may also perform the duties of standby personnel when entrants use respiratory protective equipment. 3.2.3 blanking: The absolute closure of a pipe or line by fastening a solid, flat plate (designed to retain the pressure of the pipeline), between two flanges, using two gaskets and fully engaged bolts or stud bolts in all flange bolt-holes. Blanks have handles extending beyond the flange with a 1 / 4 – inch (6.3 mm) minimum hole in the handles (see ASME B 31.3 for additional information). 3.2.4 blinding: The absolute closure of the open end of a pipe, line or pressure vessel opening by fastening a solid, flat plate (designed to retain the pressure) across the opening, using a gasket and fully engaged bolts or stud bolts in all flange bolt-holes (see ASME B 16.5 and B 16.47 for addi- tional information). 3.2.5 bonding: The joining of metal parts to form an elec- trically conductive path that ensures electrical continuity and has the capacity to safely conduct any current likely to be generated.
3.2.7 combustible gas indicator: An instrument used to sample the atmosphere to indicate if any flammable (com- bustible) vapors/gases are present, determine the composition of hydrocarbon gas and air mixtures and indicate the concen- tration of vapor/gas present in the atmosphere as a percentage of the lower explosive (flammable) limit. 3.2.8 combustible liquid: A liquid having a closed cup flash point equal to or greater than 100°F (38°C). 3.2.9 confined space: Any tank or space that meets all three of the following requirements: • Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work, and • Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks and vessels, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry or exit), and • Is not designed for or meant to be continuously occu- pied by employees. 3.2.9.1 permit-required confined space: A confined space that has all three of the confined space requirements and also has one or more of the following four characteristics: • Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere. • Contains a material with the potential to engulf an entrant. • Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could become trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by floors that slope downward, tapering to smaller cross-sections. • Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard. 3.2.9.2 non-permit required confined space: A con- fined space (a space that meets all three of the confined space requirements) but has been checked, inspected and its atmo- sphere has been monitored and it does not have (or does not have the potential to have) any of the characteristics required to be classified as a permit required confined space.
3.2.10 degassing: The process of collecting, oxidizing or treating vapors and gases expelled from a tank or vessel so as to prevent or reduce the amount of organic volatile com- pounds released into the atmosphere during vapor and gas freeing operations. 3.2.11 double block and bleed: The positive closure of a line or pipe by closing and locking or tagging two in-line valves and by opening and locking or tagging a drain or vent valve in the line or pipe between the two closed valves. Note: Employers may evaluate and designate a single valve that uses two sealing surfaces with a drain orifice between them as satisfying double block and bleed requirements. 3.2.12 electrical division classification of hazard- ous (classified) locations: The division classification system is used to designate locations where fire or explosion hazards may exist due to the potential for the presence of flammable gases, vapors or liquids. Note: These classifications are identical to those defined by NFPA 70, The National Electric Code.