ASME PTC 34-2007 pdf download

ASME PTC 34-2007 pdf download.Waste Combustors With Energy Recovery.
1-1 OBJECT The object of this Code is to provide a test procedure for evaluating the performance ofwaste fuel combustors with energy recovery using the boiler as a calorimeter. These procedures apply when the variability and waste fuel composition results in a lack of confidence in obtaining representative samples for laboratory analysis. This Code is used to determine (a) the thermal efficiency of system combusting waste fuels (b) the thermal capacity (heat input per unit time) of systems combusting waste fuels (c) the higher heating value (HHV) of waste fuels 1-1.1 Other Applications A determination of the items specified above may be used for other purposes such as (a) comparing the actual performance with guaran- teed performance (b) determining performance of system components (c) evaluating performance when firing any fuel (d) determining optimum method of operation 1-2 SCOPE The rules and instructions given in this Code apply to all waste combustor systems with energy recovery, but the code cannot detail a test applicable to every variation in the design of waste combustor systems. In every case, a qualified engineer must study the particu- lar facility and develop a test procedure, which is in agreement with the intent, guiding principles, and required accuracy of this Code. Examples of systems considered at the time of preparation of this Code include rotary kilns, refractory and waterwall furnaces, rotary combustors, mechanical grates, semi-suspension and suspension burning, multiple chamber solid hearth, and two-stage combustion systems. Portions of this Code may be used for waste combustors without energy recovery in the area of unburned combustibles in residue. 1 Testing of accessory equipment shall be performed using the applicable performance test code. Refer to Fig. 2-1 in Section 2 for a typical system boundary. Test methods of this Code apply to solid, liquid, or gaseous waste fuels. Instructions are given to determine the thermal capac- ity and thermal efficiency of waste combustor systems byapplyingthe conceptofusingthe boileras a calorime- ter. In addition, the HHV of the waste fuel can be deter- mined by weighing the waste fuel that has been consumed during the test. 1-3 UNCERTAINTY The uncertaintyvalues are used to determine the qual- ity of the test and have no relationship to the expected performance of the equipment. The uncertainty values reflect the accuracy of the test instrumentation and sta- bility of the test conditions. This Code provides standard test procedures that can yield results giving the highest level of accuracy consist- ent with the current engineering knowledge and prac- tice. A test may be considered an ASME Code test only if the following conditions are met: (a) Test procedures (and allowed variations) comply with this Code. (b) The uncertainty of test results is determined in accordance with Section 7 of this Code and PTC 19.1. (c) Pretest uncertainty analysis and post-test confir- mation of uncertainty values are conducted. The parties to the test shall agree to a target test uncertainty prior to the start of the test. Typical values of the test uncertainties for (1) thermal efficiency is 1.2% to 2.0% (2) thermal capacity is 2.4% to 3.6% (3) waste fuel HHV is 5.0% to 9.6% These numbers reflect the Committee’s experience considering the variation inunitdesign. The large uncer- tainty for the waste fuel HHV is the result ofthe inability to measure the weight of the waste fuel accurately.
2-1 DEFINITIONS This Section contains only terms and variations on normally used engineering definitions that are required for the implementation of this Code. accuracy: the closeness ofagreementbetweena measured value and the true value (see also uncertainty); the arith- metic average of a repeated measured value compared to the true value. additive: a substance added to a gas, liquid, or solid stream to cause a desired chemical or mechanical effect. air: the natural atmospheric mixture ofnitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, argon, neon, and small quantities of other rare gases. See para. 5-9.1. air, excess: the air supplied to burn a fuel in addition to the theoretical air necessary for complete combustion ofthe fuel; itis expressed as a percentage ofthe corrected theoretical air in this Code for complete combustion. air, infiltration: the leakage of air into the steam generator system envelope, also referred to as tramp air. air, other: any air supplied to the system that is not primary orsecondary air. A number ofothercombustion air arrangements and splits are encountered in the com- bustion processes covered by this Code. The user must be thoroughly familiar with the combustion air arrange- ment ofthe steam generator being tested when applying this Code.